Earth is primarily oxygen, nitrogen atmosphere. Oxygen makes up 21 percent of the atmosphere, with nitrogen taking up nearly the rest. No other planet in the solar system even comes close to having 21 percent oxygen content. The atmosphere is thick, extending upward around 100 miles, although becomes less dense rapidly above 20,000 feet. The atmosphere is able to protect life by reducing incoming ultraviolet radiation from the Sun and by vaporizing most meteors through intense heat as they enter our atmosphere.

The Earth is characterized by complex weather systems carried by high winds aloft. The winds aloft can exceed 150 mph, mainly north of the tropics in what is referred to as the jet stream. Making the weather even more complex, is the interaction of our oceans and other large bodies of water on short and long term events. Clouds are made of water vapor and/or ice. This balance of water and ice in the clouds is what is able to create precipitation. Precipitation is formed primarily in two processes. In the tropics, where ice in the clouds is non-existent or extremely limited, precipitation is formed by the coalescence of cloud water droplets. After coalescence, the drops will finally become heavy enough to fall through the atmosphere and reach the surface. The other main precipitation process is through the interaction of water vapor and ice in clouds north of the tropics. In general, an ice particle has a lower saturation vapor pressure than water. The sequence of events can literally "draw" the water droplet toward the ice particle where the two accrete. Finally, the particle will become heavy enough to fall through the atmosphere as rain or hail.

Diurnal temperature swings on Earth can range from very large in dry climates to minimal in humid regions. Overall, the warmest recorded temperature on Earth is 135.9 degrees F. in Libya and the coldest recorded temperature is -128.6 degrees F. in Antarctica. Although the greenhouse effect has received a lot of bad attention as of late, without it, life on Earth would cease. The very small amount of carbon dioxide is in the Earth's atmosphere produces just enough greenhouse effect to raise the Earth's temperature from -6 degrees F. to an average of 57 degrees F. As one can see, without the greenhouse effect, water would freeze and Earth would become just another lifeless planet.